Citations: Chapter 3 Misleading or Incendiary Discourses About Ukrainian Refugees
Citations 331-432
331 Tymińska, A. (2022). Granice nienawiści. Mowa nienawiści w kontekście kryzysów humanitarnych na granicy polskiej (2021/2022), Helsińska Fundacja Praw Człowieka, page 30.
332 Bond, S. (2023). From TV to Telegram to TikTok, Moldova is being flooded with Russian propaganda, accessed 29 March 2023.
333 Euvsdisinfo.eu (2022). NORD STREAM 1 & 2 SABOTAGE – DISINFORMATION A LA MH-17?, accessed 10 March 2023.
334 See, for instance, Trollové se aktivovali. Za raketu v Polsku může kdokoli, jen ne Rusko, iDNES (2022); Trollové se aktivovali. Za raketu v Polsku může kdokoli, jen ne Rusko, accessed 20 March 2023.
335 GLOBSEC (2022). GLOBSEC Trends 2022: CEE amid the war in Ukraine accessed 11 April 2023.
336 See Section 4.7 of this report.
337 Police of the Slovak Republic (2023). Report of the police force on disinformation, accessed 28 March 2023.
338 Cosoi, P. (2022). VIDEO Refugiați ucraineni „OBRAZNICI”! Ion Ceban: Ne putem trezi cu furturi, tâlhării, abuzuri și vandalism, accessed 29 March 2023.
339 STEM (2022). Hodnocení vztahu občanů české republiky k vybraným zemím Evropy a světa během války na Ukrajině, accessed 17 March 2023.
340 HlídacíPes.org (2023). Kremelské propagandě se v Česku loni nedařilo. Směřovat na východ chce jen pět procent lidí, accessed 18 March 2023.
341 HlídacíPes.org (2023). Kremelské propagandě se v Česku loni nedařilo. Směřovat na východ chce jen pět procent lidí, accessed 18 March 2023.
342 International Republican Institute (2023). Hostile Narrative Brief War In Ukraine, accessed 29 March 2023; INFOSECURITY.SK (2023). Slovak far-right politicians are spreading false narratives about refugees, the West is being blamed for the ongoing energy crisis, accessed 29 March 2023.
343 E15 (2023). Problém je osamělost lidí. Ztrácejí kontakt s realitou, říká o dezinformacích v kampani expertka, accessed 20 March 2023.
344 E15 (2023). Problém je osamělost lidí. Ztrácejí kontakt s realitou, říká o dezinformacích v kampani expertka, accessed 20 March 2023.
345 Rambousková, M. (2022). Covid už netáhne. Z dezinformátorů se stali „přátelé Ruska a míru”.
346 Zprávy, S. (2022). Covid už netáhne. Z dezinformátorů se stali „přátelé Ruska a míru”, accessed 18 March 2023.
347 Kaboň, R., Cihla, J., Štraub, M., and Rumler, L., Deník.cz (2022). Proti vládě, proti cenám, proti EU. V Česku opět demonstrovaly desetitisíce lidí, accessed 17 March 2023.
348 Government Communication Service (2021). Resist 2: Counter-disinformation toolkit, accessed 28 March 2023.
349 International Republican Institute (2023). Hostile Narrative Brief War In Ukraine, accessed 29 March 2023; and Helsinki Foundation for Human Rights (2023). Raport „Granice nienawiści”, page 91, accessed 31 March 2023.
350 International Republican Institute (2023). Hostile Narrative Brief War In Ukraine, accessed 29 March 2023; and Helsinki Foundation for Human Rights (2023). Raport „Granice nienawiści”, page 90, accessed 31 March 2023.
351 Warsaw research workshop 9 February 2023.
352 Tymińska, A. (2022) Granice nienawiści. Mowa nienawiści w kontekście kryzysów humanitarnych na granicy polskiej (2021/2022), Helsińska Fundacja Praw Człowieka.
353 The average annual inflation rate in 2022 was 15.1 percent. See Public database CZSO and Inflation rate for more details.
354 Czech Elves (2022). Monthly report – May, accessed 20 March 2023.
355 Warsaw research workshop 9 February 2023.
356 Twitter page of the Ministry of Health in Poland (2022). Tweet: campaign to promote the vaccination of Ukrainian children in Poland, accessed 27 March 2023.
357 The Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs data on the support received is different (i.e., for the first person in a household, it is CZK 4,470 and not CZK 3,550, as listed in the photo).
358 Vasilache, M. (2022). Război în Ucraina: Campanie online împotriva refugiaților ucraineni din Republica Moldova, accessed 29 March 2023.
359 See, for example, Vinš, Jan P., Prague Security Studies Institute (2022). Dezinformační narativy o válce na Ukrajině v ČR a ve střední a východní Evropě, accessed 20 March 2023.
360 Czech Elves (2022), Monthly report – May, accessed 20 March 2023.
361 Project research workshops; see also: Czech Elves (2022). Monthly report – November 2022, accessed 20 March 2023.
362 Topky.sk (2022). Slováci sa zasa vyfarbili: Ukrajincom závidia pomoc aj zdravotnú starostlivosť, fotia si ich „drahé” autá!, accessed 13 April 2023.
363 Bratislava research workshop 8 March 2023.
364 STEM (2021). Jedna-společnost-–-různé-světy, Aacessed 17 January 2023.
365 STEM (2021). Jedna-společnost-–-různé-světy, accessed 17 January 2023.
366 See, for example, Vinš, Jan P., Prague Security Studies Institute (2022). Dezinformační narativy o válce na Ukrajině v ČR a ve střední a východní Evropě, accessed 20 March 2023.
367 Czech Elves (2022). Dezinformace na Facebooku – 24.3.2022, accessed 26 March 2023.
368 Učeň, P. (2023). “The Russia–Ukraine War and the Radicalization of Political Discourse in Slovakia.” In: The Impacts of the Russian Invasion of Ukraine on Right-wing Populism in Europe. Ivaldi, G. and Emilia Zankina, E (eds.). European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS). March 8, 2023, accessed 11 April 2023; International Republican Institute (2023). Hostile Narrative Brief War In Ukraine, accessed 29 March 2023; Bratislava research workshop 7 March 2023.
369 Tymińska, A. (2022) Granice nienawiści. Mowa nienawiści w kontekście kryzysów humanitarnych na granicy polskiej (2021/2022), Helsińska Fundacja Praw Człowieka.
370 Chisinau research workshop 2 March 2023.
371 See, for example, IONEL SCLAVONE, evz.ro (2023). Diana Șoșoacă, scenariu conspiraționist despre viitorul României: „Există o facţiune ce porneşte din Iaşi”, accessed 23 March 2023.
372 Balkan Insight (2022). Ukraine seeks closer ties to Romania, vows to resolve minority issues
373 Dzierzanowski, M., Wprost Info (2019). Jak Kreml gra rzeznia wolynska: ‘Obejrzyjmy Ogniem i Mieczem’., accessed 20 March 2023.
374 Ukraine Monitor (n.d.). “Ukrainianization” in pro-Russian propaganda in Romania, Poland, Serbia and Hungary, accessed 31 March 2023.
375 Ukraine Monitor (n.d.). “Ukrainianization” in pro-Russian propaganda in Romania, Poland, Serbia and Hungary, page 56, accessed 31 March 2023.
376 Global Focus (2022). “Ukrainianization” in pro-Russian propaganda in Romania, Poland, Serbia and Hungary
377 Czech Elves (2022). Monthly report – November 2022, accessed 20 March 2023; and Czech Elves (2022). Monthly report – October 2022, accessed 20 March 2023.
378 Brady, W., Gantman, A., and Van Bavel, J. (2020). Attentional capture helps explain why moral and emotional content go viral. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 149, pages 746–756.
379 Feinberg, M., and Willer, R. (2015). From Gulf to Bridge: When Do Moral Arguments Facilitate Political Influence? Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 41(12), pages 1665–1681.
380 European Values Center for Security Policy (2022). Policy brief within Kremlin Watchers Movement project, accessed 15 March 2023.
381 EDMO (2022). European Digital Media Observatory (2022). ‘Ukrainian refugees and disinformation: situation in Poland, Hungary, Slovakia and Romania’, accessed 31 March 2023; International Republican Institute (2023). Hostile Narrative Brief War In Ukraine, accessed 29 March 2023; Global Focus (2022). “Ukrainianisation” in pro-Russian propaganda in Romania, Poland, Serbia and Hungary; Bond, S. (2023). From TV to Telegram to TikTok, Moldova is being flooded with Russian propaganda, accessed 30 March 2023.
382 Blbec.online (2023). Disinformation synthesis website, accessed 30 March 2023.
383 EDMO (2022). European Digital Media Observatory (2022). ‘Ukrainian refugees and disinformation: situation in Poland, Hungary, Slovakia and Romania’, accessed 31 March 2023.
384 Chisinau research workshop 2 March 2023.
385 Institutul de politici publice (2023). Russian Propaganda on „ODNOKLASSNIKI”: The case of Republic of Moldova, accessed 31 March 2023.
386 Czech Elves (2023). Monthly report – December+January 2023, accessed 20 March 2023.
387 Czech Elves (2022). Monthly report – May, accessed 20 March 2023.
388 Tymińska, A. (2022) Granice nienawiści. Mowa nienawiści w kontekście kryzysów humanitarnych na granicy polskiej (2021/2022), Helsińska Fundacja Praw Człowieka, page 46.
389 EEAS (2023). 1st EEAS Report on Foreign Information Manipulation and Interference Threats, accessed 25 March 2023.
390 See the TrendLabs study The Fake News Machine for more about the costs associated with the spread of disinformation; EEAS (2023). 1st EEAS Report on Foreign Information Manipulation and Interference Threats, accessed 25 March 2023.
391 Demagog.cz (2022). Fotografie z roku 2017 vuyžita proti uprchlíkům z Ukrajiny, accessed 19 March 2023.
392 Ipsos (2022). Vnímání dezinformací v České republice a na Slovensku, accessed 22 March 2023; see also Více než třetina Čechů dostává řetězové e-maily, statisíce je přeposílají dál for more details.
393 iROZHLAS (2022). Řetězové e-maily? Lživého obsahu je v nich relativně málo, obsah je ale značně přifouknutý, říká odborník, accessed 17 March 2023.
394 Prague research workshop February 2–3, 2023.
395 EuvsDisInfo (2022). The Bucha Massacre: How To Deflect Attention In Poland, accessed 1 April 2023.
396 Necsutu, M. (2022). Between anti-Ukrainian propaganda and showbiz: how Russia and its local allies try to maintain their media domination in the Republic of Moldova, accessed 29 March 2023.
397 Bond, S. (2023). From TV to Telegram to TikTok, Moldova is being flooded with Russian propaganda
398 Veridica (2023). FAKE NEWS: The government in Chisinau bans Russian press at the behest of the West, accessed 29 March 2023.
399 Necsutu, M. (2022). NEWS: Moldova Bans Russian Media to Counter Propaganda Over Ukraine, accessed 31 March 2023.
400 Metamorphosis Foundation (2023). Interview with Romanian anti-disinformation activist reveals disinformation campaigns often target refugees from Ukraine
401 E15 (2023). Problém je osamělost lidí. Ztrácejí kontakt s realitou, říká o dezinformacích v kampani expertka, accessed 20 March 2023.
402 Cosoi, P. (2022). VIDEO Refugiați ucraineni „OBRAZNICI”! Ion Ceban: Ne putem trezi cu furturi, tâlhării, abuzuri și vandalism, accessed 29 March 2023.
403 Zacharias, L. (2022). Un moderator de petreceri din Chișinău publică video-uri cu mesaje false despre refugiații ucraineni, accessed 29 March 2023.
404 Żyrardowa, Ż. (2018). Facebook page, accessed 28 March 2023.
405 Sadura, P., and Sierakowski, S. (2022). Polacy Za Ukrainą, Ale Przeciw Ukraińcom Raport Z Badań Socjologicznych, page 30.
406 EDMO (2022). European Digital Media Observatory (2022). ‘Ukrainian refugees and disinformation: situation in Poland, Hungary, Slovakia and Romania’, accessed 31 March 2023.
407 Tymińska, A. (2022). Granice nienawiści. Mowa nienawiści w kontekście kryzysów humanitarnych na granicy polskiej (2021/2022), Helsińska Fundacja Praw Człowieka.
408 International Republican Institute (2023). Hostile Narrative Brief War In Ukraine, page 91, accessed 29 March 2023.
409 GLOBSEC (2022). GLOBSEC Trends 2022: Slovakia, accessed 28 March 2023.
410 GLOBSEC (2022). GLOBSEC Trends 2022: CEE amid the war in Ukraine, accessed 11 April 2023.
411 International Republican Institute (2023). Hostile narrative brief: war in Ukraine, a year of aggression
412 STEM (2019). Nová studie zkoumá vztah mediální gramotnosti, důvery v media a náchylnosti k dezinformacím, accessed 20 March 2023.
413 Ipsos (2022). Vnímání dezinformací v České republice a na Slovensku, accessed 22 March 2023.
414 GLOBSEC (2022). GLOBSEC Trends 2022: Central and Eastern Europe amid the War in Ukraine, accessed 28 March 2023; Meseznikov, G. (2022). Stance of the V4 countries towards Russian military aggression against Ukraine, accessed 11 April 2023.
415 Hargrave, K., Homel, K.., and Dražanová, L. (2023). Public narratives and attitudes towards refugees and other migrants: Poland country profile
416 International Republican Institute (2023). Hostile narrative brief: war in Ukraine, a year of aggression
417 Warsaw research workshop 9 February 2023.
418 Warsaw research workshop 9 February 2023.
419 HlídacíPes.org (2023). Kremelské propagandě se v Česku loni nedařilo. Směřovat na východ chce jen pět procent lidí, accessed 18 March 2023.
420 Moonshot (2019). Redirect Method Canada Final Report, accessed 5 April 2023.
421 Reuters (2022). Google to roll out anti-disinformation campaign in some EU countries, accessed 29 March 2023.
422 European Values, Russian Disinformation Narratives – January 2023, accessed 20 March 2023.
423 Pennycook, G., McPhetres, J., Zhang, Y., Lu, J. G., & Rand, D.G. (2020). Fighting COVID-19 misinformation on social media: Experimental evidence for a scalable accuracy-nudge intervention. Psychological Science, 31, pages 770–780
- Euractiv (2022). Resentment for Ukrainian refugees grows in central and eastern Europe, accessed 29 March 2023.
- Euractiv (2022). Resentment for Ukrainian refugees grows in central and eastern Europe, accessed 29 March 2023.
- Keryk, M.(2021), Praca, W. Polsce: naruszenie praw pracowniczych imigrantów z Ukrainy zatrudnionych w budownictwie i
- Hargrave, K., Homel, K., and Dražanová, L. (2023). Public narratives and attitudes towards refugees and other migrants: Poland country profile
- Tymińska, A. (2022). Granice nienawiści. Mowa nienawiści w kontekście kryzysów humanitarnych na granicy polskiej (2021/2022), Helsińska Fundacja Praw Człowieka, page 73
429 Warsaw research workshop 9 February 2023.
430 GLOBSEC (2022). GLOBSEC Trends 2022: CEE amid the war in Ukraine, accessed 11 April 2023.
431 European Digital Media Observatory (2022). Ukrainian refugees and disinformation: situation in Poland, Hungary, Slovakia and Romania, accessed 11 April 2023.
432 GLOBSEC (2022). New report shows that the V4 population supports Ukrainian refugees with some reservations, accessed 22 March 2023. There has been debate about methodological approaches to polling conducted by GLOBSEC and the Slovak Academy of Science, such as the different scales given to participants to respond to questions (1–5 or 1–10) and how responses were collected (online and in-person), even when the question posed is the same. See GLOBSEC (2002). New poll: Slovaks want Ukraine to win the war, Not Russia, accessed 22 March 2023.