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Publication
Report/Paper
Promoting Electoral Access for Citizens with Disabilities: Considerations for Nigeria, INEC-Civil Society Forum Seminar on Agenda for Electoral Reform, 27-28 November 2003, Abuja, Nigeria
The right to participate in and stand for election is a fundamental human right. According to Article 25 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights: “Every citizen shall have the right and the opportunity, without any of the distinctions mentioned in Article 2 and without unreasonable restrictions: (a) To take part in the conduct of public affairs, directly or through freely chosen representatives’ (b) To vote and be elected at genuine periodic elections which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by ballot, guaranteeing the free expression of the will of the electors; (c) To have access, on general terms of equality, to public service in his country.” The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights sets an international standard for the conduct of the elections and the right of participation in that process. In reviewing the Constitutional and legal framework of Nigeria’s electoral process, it is important to ensure that this framework meets international standards, while taking into account the nation’s experience and political and social environment. The right of participation of “every citizen” is one that must be guaranteed by law and by the way the electoral process is conducted. In Nigeria, citizens with disabilities face legal as well as practical barriers to equal participation in the electoral process. However, this electoral review affords the opportunity to ensure that the rights of citizens with disabilities are protected by law and by practice. There is no reliable data on how many of Nigeria’s approximately 120 million citizens live with some sort of physical or mental disability. Nigerian census officials last submitted statistics on disability to the United Nations over 12 years ago, estimating at that time that .5 percent of the population was disabled. This figure is not comparable to the international norm and is a severe under-estimate. In the United States, at least 6% of population has some form of obvious disability – is blind or visually impaired; deaf; a wheelchair user or has an intellectual disability. However, with Nigeria’s incidence of polio, nutritional problems and difficulties with access to healthcare, the percentage of Nigerians with obvious disabilities is likely to be higher – perhaps 10% or more. With an estimated population of 120 million, that would be more than 12 million citizens with disabilities – half of whom are of voting age, at least some 6 million people. This, of course, does not take into account persons with hidden or even undiagnosed disabilities, such as learning disabilities, diabetes, epilepsy, heart disease, etc. Section 17(2) of Nigeria’s 1999 Constitution states that “every citizen shall have equality of rights, obligations and opportunities before law.” Do the Constitutional and legal provisions governing the conduct of elections guarantee this right for those Nigerian citizens with disabilities? Are Nigerians with disabilities able to equally participate in and stand for election?
November 26, 2003
Publication
Book
USAID Democracy & Governance: Money in Politics Handbook
Developed with the support of IFES research and expertise,
this handbook is a primer on the topic of money in politics with special
emphasis on the role of disclosure.
this handbook is a primer on the topic of money in politics with special
emphasis on the role of disclosure.
October 31, 2003
Publication
Report/Paper
The Cost of Resolving Small Business Conflicts: The Case of Peru
The goal of this study is to analyze the impact of judicial inefficiency on small businesses in Peru. It is based on the hypothesis that chronic problems in the region’s judicial systems have negative consequences on the development of micro, small and medium-sized businesses. Our analysis focuses, first, on the relationship between Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) and the legal system. Secondly, it investigates the decisions made by SMEs to mitigate the effects of bad court performance. Lastly, it identifies several ways in which judicial inefficiency is transferred to the business sector. The analysis also attempts to quantify the economic impact of judicial inefficiency.
October 27, 2003
Election Material
Civic Education Material
Departmento De Organizaciones Politicas Registro de Ciudadanos
“Department of Political Organizations. Register of Citizens” is an electoral directory guide, available in Spanish, issued in 2003 by the Supreme Electoral Tribunal in Guatemala in lead up to the 2003 Guatemalan General Election. The guide lists political parties’ name, acronym, secretary general, and address.
Election Material
Election and Political Party Law
Verification of Political Party Election Participants
In relation to the conduct of factual verification of election participants from political parties as regulated in KPU Decree Number 615 of 2003, I hereby reconfirm to you the following matters.
Election Material
Ballot
United States (CA) State Special Election Ballot 2003
Ballot used in a statewide election in California on 7 October 2003. The ballot has two parts; the first asks if voters wanted to recall Governor Gray Davis, who had been accused of losing touch with his constituents, and the second part asked whom voters wanted to replace Governor Davis. The main candidates in the recall were Arnold SCHWARZENEGGER, Cruz BUSTAMANTE and Tom MCCLINTOCK.
Election Material
Election and Political Party Law
Financial Report of the Election Campaign Fund of the Election Subjects – Republic of Georgia
Disclosure forms submitted to the Central Election Commission of the Republic of Georgia (English language)
Election Material
Civic Education Material
Apreciacion Electoral
“Electoral Evaluation” is a three-volume report, available in Spanish, issued in 2003 by the Electoral Observation Group of Cacif in lead up to the 2003 Guatemalan General Election. The report presents the Electoral Observation Group’s project proposal such as actions, strategies, progress and ideology.
Election Material
Civic Education Material
Floorplan
“Floor Plan” is a map, issued in 2003 by the Supreme Electoral Tribunal of Guatemala, in lead up to the 2003 Guatemalan General Election. The map is the floor plan of the ballroom of the hotel where the 2003 Elections will take place.
Election Material
Civic Education Material
Manual para Fiscales de Organizaciones Politicas
“Political Organizations’ Electoral Censurers” is an informative manual, available in Spanish, published in 2003 by the Supreme Electoral Tribunal in Guatemala, in lead up to the November 9, 2003 Guatemalan General Elections. The manual is intended to serve as a guide for political organizations’ electoral censurers.