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Report/Paper
La Sociedad Salvadorena y su Participacion Ciudadana desde un Enfoque Especial de Genero, Resumen Ejecutivo
November 30, 1997
Publication
Report/Paper
Aspects of Political Financing: Addressing Specific Objectives for Reforms in the Russian Federation
This paper will address some of the main questions raised during the roundtable conference organised by the International Foundation for Election Systems and the Central Election Commission of the Russian Federation at the Aerostar Hotel, Moscow on 18 December 1997. The title of the roundtable was Campaign Finance Disclosure and Enforcement: Russian and Comparative Perspectives. It also discusses questions raised at additional meetings with staff members of the Central Election Commission on 17 and 19 December 1997. The following five core issues were discussed at these meetings: 1. BROADCASTING - What are the methods used in other countries to regulate political output on the broadcast media? - In particular, how are privately-owned television and radio stations regulated? - Apart from rules concerning political broadcasts by candidates and electoral associations, is it possible to regulate news broadcasts and other programmes to ensure that they are free from partisan bias? 2. PUBLIC FINANCING OF CANDIDATES AND ELECTORAL ASSOCIATIONS - What formulae are used in other countries to allocate public funds to competing candidates and parties? - What are the practical implications of alternative formulae? - Does ‘fairness’ mean that every party or electoral association must be given an equal share regardless of its size, political significance and past electoral performance? 3. FINANCIAL DEPOSITS - Is a system of financial deposits for candidates at parliamentary elections (such as that in Britain) a reasonable and effective way of discouraging ‘trivial’ candidates? 4. THE DOCTRINE OF AGENCY - Does this legal device, used in Britain, Canada and elsewhere, make it easier to control unauthorised campaign expenditures? - Precisely how do the rules relating to ‘agency’ operate? 5. ENFORCEMENT AND PENALTIES - In practice, are serious penalties for contraventions of laws regulating the financing of political campaigns ever imposed in other countries? Or are the penalties merely theoretical? - Are there any suitable intermediate penalties between what might be viewed as the extremes of, on the one hand, small fines and, on the other hand, of substantial prison sentences?
November 30, 1997
Publication
Report/Paper
Citizen Participation in Salvadoran Society with Special Emphasis on Gender: Executive Summary
This report analyzes voter participation among Salvadorans and discusses the reasons why they do and do not participate in elections. The report also looks at Salvadorans’ understanding of democracy, equality for both men and women in the political arena and finishes by discussing the future opportunities for participation in Salvadoran elections.
November 30, 1997
Election Material
Ballot
Honduras Municipal Ballot 1997
Sample ballot paper used for the 30 November 1997 municipal election. This sample ballot shows support for the National Party of Honduras's candidate, Cesar CASTELLANOS.
Election Material
Ballot
Hounduras Presidential Ballot 1997
Ballot paper used in the 1997 Honduran Presidential election. The 1997 election was the first time in Honduran history that voters could cast seperate ballots for President, Parliament, and the municipal elections. The main candidates were Nora de MEIGAR and Carlos Roberto FLORES.
Election Material
Election and Political Party Law
Law on Personal Identity Cards (Zolzk)
Law on Personal Identity Cards (Zolzk)
Election Material
Civic Education Material
Register as Electors Practise a High Degree of Autonomy
This pamphlet distributed by the First Legislative Council Elections of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region provides Hong Kong residents with the information necessary to register as an elector. These electors would play a role in the upcoming 1998 elections for the First Legislative council. This pamphlet is provided both in English and Chinese.
Election Material
Civic Education Material
Truth Talk
This November 1997 edition of South Africa’s “Truth Talk” addresses the work of the "Truth and Reconciliation Commission." The magazine specifically looks at the Commission’s five point plan for reparations and rehabilitation. Furthermore, the implication, facilitation and future of reparation, rehabilitation and the Truth and Reconciliation Commission programs for South African’s are also covered.
Election Material
Civic Education Material
Daraja Update
This November 1997 issue of “Daraja” touches on the struggle to achieve civic elections in Kenya and promoting democracy and good governance in Africa. The lead article focuses on the effort to enhance civic education and elections in the midst of executive governmental power that is not in favor of promoting political participation or expanding democracy. The second major piece describes the pathway to achieving peace in Africa and six major impediments to achieving strong democracy in the region. The challenges presented by the article to developing democracy in Africa are overcoming violence, sound democracy development managment, enhancing the role of civil society, mainstreaming women into politics, increasing the capacity of African institutions that allow for democracy development and developing an ownership of democratic reforms in order to bring about demcoracy that fits the region and culture that it will be governing.
Election Material
Civic Education Material
Fotolenguaje
“Photo language” is a civic education handbook, available in Spanish, issued by the “Decidamos” group in Paraguay and intended to familiarize Paraguayans with the general aspects of a municipality. The handbook explores the importance of the municipal government; it describes what a municipality consists of, its functions and the relation between the central government and the municipal government. Additionally, it contains photos depicting the characteristics of a municipality.