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Report/Paper
Report on Indonesia's 7 June 1999 Parliamentary General Election and Recommendations for Electoral Reform
The June 7 parliamentary election in Indonesia represented a decisive step forward in Indonesia’s transition from authoritarian rule to democratic governance. It resulted, for the first time in Indonesia’s history, in a peaceful transfer of power. However, the election did not represent a significant break from the past in terms of election administration. This election process was marked by administrative inefficiency, non-transparency, and a lack of accountability. While certainly a momentous step in Indonesia’s transition, the credibility of the process hinged on election day itself, which was considered successful due to a lack of violence and to the enthusiasm and patience of the voters. These factors alone do not make a successful election, and serious flaws in the process should be addressed before future elections... TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TERMS AND APPREVIATIONS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY I. INTRODUCTION II. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND III. THE ELECTION LAW A. The Proportional System B. Elements of a Majority System C. The Structure of the National Election Commission (KPU) D. Political Parties E. Office of the Secretariat F. Election Campaign G. Political Finance H. Voting, Vote Counting, and Tabulation I. Complaint Adjudication IV. ELECTION ADMINISTRATION A. General Principles of Election Administration B. Operational Standards for Election Administration C. Structure of the National Election Commission (KPU) D. Structure of the Election Administration (Management) E. Technology Support F. Planning G. Regulations, Procedures, and Mechanics H. Materials I. Systems and Methods V. RECOMMENDATIONS A. The Legal Framework—The Law on General Elections B. The Election Administration VI. CONCLUSIONS VII. ATTACHMENTS Attachment A: “Money Politics”: Regulation of Political Finance in Indonesia Attachment B: Election Material Distribution Attachment C: Projected and Actual Numbers of Polling Stations Attachment D: List of Forms Used for the 1999 General Election Attachment E: Forms Used for Polling and Counting (Forms C, C1, C3, C4, C5) Attachment F: Polling Station Counting Sheet (Form C2) Attachment G: Statements Related to the Consolidation of Results (Forms D, D1, D2, D3) Attachment H: Forms for Consolidation of Results for DPR, DPRD I, and DPRD II (Forms D41, D42, D43) Attachment I: Law Number 3 of 1999 on General Elections Attachment J: Law Number 2 of 1999 on Political Parties Attachment K: Structure of the Indonesian Election Administration Attachment L: Allocation of DPR Seats to Political Parties Attachment M: 1999 Ballot Sample
January 31, 2000
Publication
Report/Paper
Report on the 7 June 1999 Parliamentary General Election and Recommendations for Electoral Reform
On June 7, 1999 Indonesia held parliamentary elections. This report summarizes IFES observations from those elections and provides recommendations for better administration in future elections.
January 31, 2000
Election Material
Civic Education Material
Papers on Referendum, Politics and Religion
“Papers on Referendum, Politics and Religion” is a booklet that was written in 2000 by Micheal Kaggwa. The literature is composed of three papers: one on religion and politics, one on the referendum and its implication on Uganda’s political development and one on why supporters of political parties should participate in the referendum. The papers seek to enhance voter efficacy towards democratic values and to address the role of religion and religious leaders in Uganda’s political discourse.
Election Material
Civic Education Material
Facts about the Referendum
“Facts about the Referendum” was published in 2000 in lead up to the national referendum on Uganda’s political system. The vote would determine whether Uganda would remain in its no-party “Movement” system or switch to a “Multi-Party” system or other form of democracy. This civic education booklet explains why the referendum is taking place, how the multi party and no party systems differ and how the actually process of voting takes place.
Election Material
Civic Education Material
Guidelines for Civic Educators
“Guidelines for Civic Education” is a booklet that was published in 2000 in Uganda. The literature provides a guide for civic educators to teach the public about the upcoming referendum on Uganda’s political system. The booklet also enumerates possible educational methods, such as posters, that could be utilized to teach voters about the electoral process.
Election Material
Civic Education Material
National Elections Manual
The “National Elections Manual” is a booklet that was released in the year 2000 and is broken into two parts, one on civic education and one on voter education. The section on civic education defines citizenship, outlines the branches of the Ugandan government and discusses the link between the constitution and the people. Section two on voter education focuses on the registration of voters, the nomination of candidates the process of voting.
Election Material
Civic Education Material
Judge of Election Handbook
The “Judge of Election Handbook” was published in 2000 in Chicago Illinois during the lead up to that year’s general elections held on November 7. The booklet contains chapters on topics such as the importance of having election judges, what supplies will be necessary on the election side and how to go about setting up polling places. Also included is a glossary defining election related vocabulary. That year’s general elections would feature the presidential race between Al Gore and George W. Bush.
Election Material
Civic Education Material
Politcal Party Guide
In preparation for the October 28th, 2000 Kosovo municipal elections, the United Nations Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) published this “Political Party Guide.” This document serves as a guidebook for election participants and observers on the history, leaders, regional and national goals, and municipal programs of each political party in the municipal elections.
Election Material
Civic Education Material
Challenges for Citizens
“Challenges for Citizens” is a booklet published in lead up to the 2000 Ugandan referendum. The literature urges citizens to take part in the electoral process by voting but also cautions that more work after the referendum will be needed to insure a fully functioning and free society. The piece also details the contents of the Ugandan Constitution and focuses on how a democratic state to function. Throughout the article Ugandans are urged to take an active role in their country’s democracy and electoral process.