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Lithuania: Money and Politics Case Study
Lithuania has rapidly developed both politically and economically since emerging from the Soviet Union in 1991. While the country has built a functioning parliamentary system of government, has become a member of NATO, and is on the verge of joining the European Union, it still faces many problems associated with the many consolidating democracies around the world. As in all democracies, populations need to trust that those they elect will represent their interests. Problems such as corruption, weaknesses in laws concerning the political financing, and unaccounted for political income and expenditures threaten the credibility of the process and hinder the speed at which democracy is consolidated. Additionally, Lithuania lacks the high level of vibrant debate about the issue of political financing among scholars, journalists and civil society bodies required to promote meaningful reform. Recognizing this, Lithuania has developed an independent Central Electoral Committee (CEC) and adopted laws requiring detailed and public disclosure of political finance accounts. Prior to conducting Money and Politics programming in Lithuania, the CEC had made a demonstrable interest in making information public. While scanning summary report of accounts and placing them on the internet, the user could not search, not easily compare and analyze the information. Interested parties were required to make an appointment to view more detailed, paper-based information. Further, while the Tax Authorities are required to audit final political party reports, enforcement is widely considered to be weak. Few, if any, cases of political finance violations have been forwarded and investigated, not to mention prosecuted. By addressing the difficult issues surrounding political finance with the support of IFES in 2002 and 2003, Lithuania is emerging as a model for other consolidating democracy to follow. Significant areas remain to be addressed. While Lithuania has taken concrete steps to reform political finance legislation, open political finance information to public scrutiny and oversight, and encourage debate, further efforts are required to actively enforce laws and regulations and raise the level of debate among the various governmental, legislative, and civil society groups. By addressing these areas, Lithuania has the potential for being an example of best practices while making local expertise and resources to other countries undergoing similar reforms.
December 31, 2002
Election Material
Election and Political Party Law
Republic of The Philippines Act No. 8753
Republic of The Philippines Act No. 8753
Election Material
Civic Education Material
Important notice to: The People of the Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao
“Important Notice to: The People of Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao” is a May 1999 flyer encouraging residents of the Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao to register to vote so that they may participate in the September 1999 Regional Elections in the Philippines. The document, published by the Commission on Elections, also contains a page of the Mindanao Cross newspaper with different editorial articles.
Election Material
Ballot
Philippines General Election Ballot 1998 #1
Ballot used for the 11 May 1998 General Elections in the Philippines. Voters are instructed to vote for President, Vice President, 12 Senators, and one Party List for members of the House of Representatives. This ballot was used in the city of Pagalungan, in the Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao.
Election Material
Ballot
Philippines General Election Ballot 1998 #2
Sample ballot provided by the PDP Laban Party for the 11 May 1998 General Election in the Philippines. This ballot showed their supported candidates for President, Vice-President, Senator, Party-List Representative, Congressman, Mayor, Vice-Mayor, and City Council.
Election Material
Ballot
Philippines General Election Ballot 1998
Sample ballot provided by the Laban ng Makabayang Masang Pilipino (LAMMP) coalition for the 11 May 1998 General Election. This ballot shows the supported candidates for President, Vice-President, Senators, Congressman, Mayor, Vice Mayor, and Councilors.
Election Material
Ballot
Philippines General Election Ballot 1998 #3
Ballot provided by the ABPWP for the Filipino General Election on 11 May 1998. The ballot lists the ABPWP's supported candidates for President, Vice-President, Senators, Congressman, Mayor, Vice-Mayor and members of the City Council.
Election Material
Civic Education Material
The Vice Presidentiables
“The Vice Presidentiables” is an April 1998 research report from the Philippines with the objective of providing information to readers about the candidates running in the May 1998 Filipino Presidential and Legislative Elections. The document, published by the Makati Business Club, is part of the greater Vote for the Future Project.
Election Material
Civic Education Material
Vote for the Future: Research Report 8
“Vote for the Future: Research Report 8” is a report from March 1998 by the Makati Business Club which provides various statistics on the upcoming May 1998 Legislative and Presidential Election in the Philippines and introduces some of the candidates who will be running for office.