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Report/Paper
Report on Indonesia's 7 June 1999 Parliamentary General Election and Recommendations for Electoral Reform
The June 7 parliamentary election in Indonesia represented a decisive step forward in Indonesia’s transition from authoritarian rule to democratic governance. It resulted, for the first time in Indonesia’s history, in a peaceful transfer of power. However, the election did not represent a significant break from the past in terms of election administration. This election process was marked by administrative inefficiency, non-transparency, and a lack of accountability. While certainly a momentous step in Indonesia’s transition, the credibility of the process hinged on election day itself, which was considered successful due to a lack of violence and to the enthusiasm and patience of the voters. These factors alone do not make a successful election, and serious flaws in the process should be addressed before future elections... TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TERMS AND APPREVIATIONS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY I. INTRODUCTION II. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND III. THE ELECTION LAW A. The Proportional System B. Elements of a Majority System C. The Structure of the National Election Commission (KPU) D. Political Parties E. Office of the Secretariat F. Election Campaign G. Political Finance H. Voting, Vote Counting, and Tabulation I. Complaint Adjudication IV. ELECTION ADMINISTRATION A. General Principles of Election Administration B. Operational Standards for Election Administration C. Structure of the National Election Commission (KPU) D. Structure of the Election Administration (Management) E. Technology Support F. Planning G. Regulations, Procedures, and Mechanics H. Materials I. Systems and Methods V. RECOMMENDATIONS A. The Legal Framework—The Law on General Elections B. The Election Administration VI. CONCLUSIONS VII. ATTACHMENTS Attachment A: “Money Politics”: Regulation of Political Finance in Indonesia Attachment B: Election Material Distribution Attachment C: Projected and Actual Numbers of Polling Stations Attachment D: List of Forms Used for the 1999 General Election Attachment E: Forms Used for Polling and Counting (Forms C, C1, C3, C4, C5) Attachment F: Polling Station Counting Sheet (Form C2) Attachment G: Statements Related to the Consolidation of Results (Forms D, D1, D2, D3) Attachment H: Forms for Consolidation of Results for DPR, DPRD I, and DPRD II (Forms D41, D42, D43) Attachment I: Law Number 3 of 1999 on General Elections Attachment J: Law Number 2 of 1999 on Political Parties Attachment K: Structure of the Indonesian Election Administration Attachment L: Allocation of DPR Seats to Political Parties Attachment M: 1999 Ballot Sample
January 31, 2000
Publication
Report/Paper
Report on the 7 June 1999 Parliamentary General Election and Recommendations for Electoral Reform
On June 7, 1999 Indonesia held parliamentary elections. This report summarizes IFES observations from those elections and provides recommendations for better administration in future elections.
January 31, 2000
Election Material
Civic Education Material
La Commune en questions…
“La Commune en questions…” is a pamphlet, available in French, intended to instruct youth in the importance of Communes in the wake of the upcoming Municipal Election of 2000 in Mali. The pamphlet, published in the year 2000 by the Mission of Decentralization, is split up into different chapters covering topics such as how communes are organized, who works in communes, how representatives of communes are chosen and what youth can do in communes. Each chapter ends with a citation from a legal text which covers issues of decentralization.
Publication
Report/Paper
Evaluation of Pollworker Training, January 2000
This evaluation of the IFES pollworker training assistance program was conducted in Indonesia in 1999. The report concludes that pollworker training was inadequate and suggests direction for future training sessions in Indonesia.
December 31, 1999
Publication
Report/Paper
Republic of Indonesia: Evaluation of Poll Worker Training, January 2000
The June 7, 1999 parliamentary elections in the Republic of Indonesia were a transitional step toward democratic rule and professional, independent election administration. Although, for the most part, election day was a peaceful expression of the franchise, the election was seriously flawed administratively. One of the most glaring and potentially disastrous elements in the election administration was the training of the election day poll workers or KPPS members. Through the ingenuity of some, past experience of others, and willingness to work extremely hard, the Indonesian KPPS members performed admirably on June 7. But adequate and timely training, clear instructions, and uniform and professional administration would have improved their performance. The evaluation of the poll worker training program can be seen to clearly support the fact that the training was inconsistent at best, and/or non-existent throughout the country. In discussion after discussion, KPPS members support these findings and provide their own recommendations for improved election procedures and training. This inconsistency permeates the entire administration from the manner and timing of the appointment of KPPS members, to the number of KPPS members in a polling station, or TPS, to the delivery of materials and instructions to KPPS members. Regulations meant to standardize procedures either did not exist, were unknown, or were ignored by the various levels of election administration. It is essential that the National Election Commission (KPU) thoroughly review and prepare professional administrative remedies to correct these deficiencies before the next election. Only with uniform regulations and a consistent training program, which is professionally prepared and administered, can election administration problems be avoided in future elections.
December 31, 1999
Publication
Report/Paper
Money Politics: Regulation of Political Finance in Indonesia, 1999
This report is a summary of the system of money politics in Indonesia. Money politics describes the buying of voter support during elections and other financial factors affecting elections in Indonesia.
November 30, 1999
Publication
Survey
Public Opinion Preceding the Parliamentary Elections in Indonesia (1999)
This report presents the results of a survey of public opinion conducted in Indonesia from December, 1998 to February, 1999. Interviews were completed with a sample of 1507 randomly selected adults (18+ years of age) throughout the country. In keeping with the standard practice of the IFES survey research program, this survey was intended in so far as possible to be nationally representative of the entire adult population of Indonesia. What this means, practically, is that every adult citizen of Indonesia ought to have had the same chance of being selected for participation in the survey. Great effort was made to conduct interviews in all regions of the country; in both cities and rural areas; in Indonesian and local languages. These measures were intended to keep to a minimum the size of any population which was systematically excluded from the survey. (Some regions were excluded for security and practical reasons: East Timor, Irian Jaya, Central Kalimantan, Central Sulawesi, and East Nusa Tengara.) The survey questionnaire was written by IFES consultant Steven Wagner, in collaboration with the staff of IFES Jakarta and the Indonesia team at IFES Washington. Sample design and interviewing was accomplished by the private survey research firm Insight (PT. Insightindo Arya Dharma) of Jakarta. The analysis of survey results was conducted by Mr. Wagner.
October 31, 1999
Publication
Report/Paper
Experience Gained from June 1999 Elections: Resolving Complaints and Disputes in the Election Process
On September 15, 1999, a conference was held at the University of Indonesia to review experience gained in the area of complaint adjudication and dispute resolution during the June elections for legislative assemblies in Indonesia.
September 14, 1999
Publication
Report/Paper
Implementation of the Proportional Representation System in Awarding National DPR Seats Based on Results of the June 1999 Elections
This publication is written in English and Bahasa Indonesian. The law governing Indonesia’s elections on June 7 provided that seats for legislative assemblies at the national, provincial and district levels were allocated to political parties according to proportional representation. Each of Indonesia’s 27 provinces served as an electoral area for distribution of the 462 elected seats in the national DPR (38 DPR seats were assigned by law to the military). Each province was apportioned a number of DPR seats reflecting its population and number of component districts (kabupaten / kotamadya). Under proportional representation, each party winning sufficient votes in a province wins a share of DPR seats roughly proportionate to that party’s share of the vote in that province.
September 08, 1999