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Survey
Citizens' Awareness and Participation in Armenia (2003)
The IFES Citizens’ Awareness and Participation in Armenia (CAPA) survey was conducted between 30 August and 9 September, 2003. Section I is an introduction, while Section II summarizes the 2003 survey’s important findings. Section III examines Armenians’ familiarity with and interest in political activities and government budgeting. Section IV analyzes Armenians’ participation in and sentiments towards the 2002 and 2003 elections as well as the implications for democracy in Armenia. Section V explains civic knowledge, attitudes towards participation in civic activities, and the interaction between public officials and their constituents. Section VI focuses on the political and civic attitudes of Armenian youth. Section VII gauges perceptions of women in society and public views on women’s involvement in politics while Section VIII describes opinions on the fairness of Armenia’s judicial system. Section IX provides a conclusion of the survey fi ndings while relating them to IFES’ CAPA project developments.
December 31, 2003
Publication
Survey
2004 Tracking Survey Results from Wave I
This survey was conducted using face-to-face interviews with 1250 respondents, selected by multi-stage random sampling of eligible voters throughout each of the 32 provinces of Indonesia. • The composition of the survey sample reflects the rural/urban, men/women and inter-provincial proportions of the Indonesian population. • The margin of error for national data from the survey is +/- 2.8% at a 95% confidence level. • The face-to-face interviews were conducted between 13 and 18 December 2003.
December 31, 2003
Publication
Report/Paper
Political Money and Corruption
Political finance is influenced by, and influences, relations between parties, politicians, party membership and the electorate. Money matters for democracy because much of democratic political activity simply could not occur without it. Narrow definitions of political finance tend to focus on ‘campaign and party funding’.
December 31, 2003
Publication
Report/Paper
Ensuring Equal Rights in the Elections Process
This paper addresses how, regardless of the differences in the electoral systems, most ‘unfair’ elections result from the political finance irregularities connected with unequal participation.
December 31, 2003
Publication
Book
Instructions for the Assessment of the Election Process
This document offers election observers with guidelines about election observation.
December 31, 2003
Publication
Report/Paper
Azerbaijan, FINAL REPORT, September 20, 2001 - September 19, 2003
This report reviews IFES efforts in Azerbaijan in support of the USAID project Civil Society Better Organized and Represented. This report describes how IFES worked to encourage increased professionalism among election officials, provided training to elected officials, encouraged broader citizen participation and increased awareness on democracy and democratic governance. The report also details civic education tools used and discusses the challenges encountered and lessons learned from IFES program.
November 30, 2003
Publication
Report/Paper
Political Money and Political Corruption: Considerations for Nigeria
November 28, 2003
Publication
Report/Paper
Promoting Electoral Access for Citizens with Disabilities: Considerations for Nigeria, INEC-Civil Society Forum Seminar on Agenda for Electoral Reform, 27-28 November 2003, Abuja, Nigeria
The right to participate in and stand for election is a fundamental human right. According to Article 25 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights: “Every citizen shall have the right and the opportunity, without any of the distinctions mentioned in Article 2 and without unreasonable restrictions: (a) To take part in the conduct of public affairs, directly or through freely chosen representatives’ (b) To vote and be elected at genuine periodic elections which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by ballot, guaranteeing the free expression of the will of the electors; (c) To have access, on general terms of equality, to public service in his country.” The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights sets an international standard for the conduct of the elections and the right of participation in that process. In reviewing the Constitutional and legal framework of Nigeria’s electoral process, it is important to ensure that this framework meets international standards, while taking into account the nation’s experience and political and social environment. The right of participation of “every citizen” is one that must be guaranteed by law and by the way the electoral process is conducted. In Nigeria, citizens with disabilities face legal as well as practical barriers to equal participation in the electoral process. However, this electoral review affords the opportunity to ensure that the rights of citizens with disabilities are protected by law and by practice. There is no reliable data on how many of Nigeria’s approximately 120 million citizens live with some sort of physical or mental disability. Nigerian census officials last submitted statistics on disability to the United Nations over 12 years ago, estimating at that time that .5 percent of the population was disabled. This figure is not comparable to the international norm and is a severe under-estimate. In the United States, at least 6% of population has some form of obvious disability – is blind or visually impaired; deaf; a wheelchair user or has an intellectual disability. However, with Nigeria’s incidence of polio, nutritional problems and difficulties with access to healthcare, the percentage of Nigerians with obvious disabilities is likely to be higher – perhaps 10% or more. With an estimated population of 120 million, that would be more than 12 million citizens with disabilities – half of whom are of voting age, at least some 6 million people. This, of course, does not take into account persons with hidden or even undiagnosed disabilities, such as learning disabilities, diabetes, epilepsy, heart disease, etc. Section 17(2) of Nigeria’s 1999 Constitution states that “every citizen shall have equality of rights, obligations and opportunities before law.” Do the Constitutional and legal provisions governing the conduct of elections guarantee this right for those Nigerian citizens with disabilities? Are Nigerians with disabilities able to equally participate in and stand for election?
November 26, 2003
Publication
Book
USAID Democracy & Governance: Money in Politics Handbook
Developed with the support of IFES research and expertise,
this handbook is a primer on the topic of money in politics with special
emphasis on the role of disclosure.
this handbook is a primer on the topic of money in politics with special
emphasis on the role of disclosure.
October 31, 2003
Publication
Report/Paper
The Cost of Resolving Small Business Conflicts: The Case of Peru
The goal of this study is to analyze the impact of judicial inefficiency on small businesses in Peru. It is based on the hypothesis that chronic problems in the region’s judicial systems have negative consequences on the development of micro, small and medium-sized businesses. Our analysis focuses, first, on the relationship between Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) and the legal system. Secondly, it investigates the decisions made by SMEs to mitigate the effects of bad court performance. Lastly, it identifies several ways in which judicial inefficiency is transferred to the business sector. The analysis also attempts to quantify the economic impact of judicial inefficiency.
October 27, 2003